{"id":4514,"date":"2025-04-01T20:33:08","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T18:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojesebepoznani.cz\/?p=4514"},"modified":"2026-01-16T08:16:27","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T07:16:27","slug":"zdravi-jako-pravo-bezplatna-pece-a-zdravotnicky-system-pro-vsechny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/zdravi-jako-pravo-bezplatna-pece-a-zdravotnicky-system-pro-vsechny\/","title":{"rendered":"Zdrav\u00ed jako pr\u00e1vo \u2013 bezplatn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de a zdravotnick\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro v\u0161echny"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V obdob\u00ed po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce si \u010ceskoslovensko vytklo jasn\u00fd c\u00edl: vytvo\u0159it vzd\u011blanou spole\u010dnost<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 bude schopn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dnout modern\u00ed technologie, budovat ekonomiku a rozv\u00edjet n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kulturu. I p\u0159es ideologick\u00e9 mantinely se poda\u0159ilo vybudovat syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd garantoval vysokou \u00farove\u0148 gramotnosti, rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvoj technick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 a to na \u00farovni, kter\u00e1 byla v mnoha ohledech srovnateln\u00e1 se Z\u00e1padem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Nemoc si nevyb\u00edr\u00e1 podle pen\u011b\u017eenky \u2013 a st\u00e1t nesm\u00ed vyb\u00edrat podle n\u00ed, komu pom\u016f\u017ee.“<\/p>z projevu ministra zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010cSSR, 1971<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\t\t

\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t

V\u00edce \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t
\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\"Ba\u017een\u00ed\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t
\t\t\r\n\t\tBa\u017een\u00ed a pocit v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti: kdy\u017e se st\u00edn vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za sv\u011btlo\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t
<\/i>\t\t\r\n\t\tM\u011bsto v bublin\u011b: P\u0159\u00edm\u011br o pr\u00e1ci se st\u00edny\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t
<\/i>\t\t\r\n\t\tUAP zpr\u00e1vy Pentagonu (2021\u20132023): Nov\u00e9 poznatky o neidentifikovan\u00fdch vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch jevech\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t
<\/i>\t\t\r\n\t\tKola, kter\u00e1 h\u00fdbala sv\u011btem \u2013 pr\u016fmysl a export jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u00fdcha\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t
<\/i>\t\t\r\n\t\tCabal: Historie a m\u00fdty tajn\u00fdch spiknut\u00ed\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n\n\n\n

Bezplatn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch krok\u016f po n\u00e1stupu komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v roce 1948 byla z\u00e1konn\u00e1 z\u00e1ruka bezplatn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/strong>. V\u0161ichni ob\u010dan\u00e9 m\u011bli n\u00e1rok na o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, l\u00e9ky i hospitalizaci bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch plateb. To p\u0159edstavovalo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu oproti p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed, kdy byla zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b hrazena pacienty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edstup ke zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di tak ji\u017e nebyl ot\u00e1zkou financ\u00ed, ale pr\u00e1vem garantovan\u00fdm st\u00e1tem \u2013 a to nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi t\u0159\u00eddami, v\u011bkem i regiony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hust\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 nemocnic, poliklinik a obvodn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladem dostupnosti se stala rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 poliklinik, nemocnic a ordinac\u00ed<\/strong>, budovan\u00fdch i v men\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech a na venkov\u011b. Obvodn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 m\u011bl ve sv\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di stovky pacient\u016f, znal jejich zdravotn\u00ed stav, a \u010dasto fungoval i jako preventista a poradce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve m\u011bstech vznikaly v\u00edcepodla\u017en\u00ed polikliniky<\/strong>, kde bylo pod jednou st\u0159echou v\u0161e od praktika, p\u0159es zuba\u0159e a\u017e po rentgen nebo gynekologa. Nemocnice byly modernizov\u00e1ny, n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u2013 jako Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Motol nebo Ru\u017einovsk\u00e1 nemocnica v Bratislav\u011b \u2013 se staly \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi pracovi\u0161ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epidemiologie a prevence jako st\u00e1tn\u00ed priorita<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Velkou pozornost v\u011bnoval st\u00e1t boji proti infek\u010dn\u00edm nemocem<\/strong>. V 50. letech za\u010daly masov\u00e9 o\u010dkovac\u00ed kampan\u011b \u2013 proti tuberkul\u00f3ze, \u010dern\u00e9mu ka\u0161li, d\u011btsk\u00e9 obrn\u011b a pozd\u011bji i spalni\u010dk\u00e1m. D\u016fsledkem bylo dramatick\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdskytu t\u011bchto chorob<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou \u010dasto kon\u010dily smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zavedla se tak\u00e9 povinn\u00e1 dispenz\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/strong>, hygienick\u00e9 normy ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, z\u00e1vodech i ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch. V\u00fdznamnou roli hr\u00e1la Hygienick\u00e1 slu\u017eba<\/strong> a St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a v\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty v Praze, Brn\u011b, Plzni, Bratislav\u011b a Ko\u0161ic\u00edch ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vychov\u00e1valy stovky l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1ni po cel\u00e9 republice. V\u00fdzkum se soust\u0159edil na imunologii, virologii, onkologii a farmakologii<\/strong>. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fd l\u00e9kopis a dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba l\u00e9\u010div (nap\u0159. SPOFA) pokr\u00fdvaly v\u011bt\u0161inu pot\u0159eb zdravotnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledek: zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky tomu v\u0161emu se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 d\u00e9lka \u017eivota prodlou\u017eila<\/strong> (zhruba o 10 let mezi lety 1950 a 1985), d\u011btsk\u00e1 \u00famrtnost dramaticky klesla<\/strong> a zdravotn\u00ed gramotnost populace se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ila. Zdravotnictv\u00ed se stalo jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm symbolem p\u00e9\u010de o \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zde je v\u00fdb\u011br d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f<\/strong> k t\u00e9matu zdravotnictv\u00ed v \u010ceskoslovensku 1945\u20131989<\/strong>, v\u010detn\u011b dostupnosti p\u00e9\u010de, v\u00fdstavby zdravotnick\u00e9 infrastruktury a v\u00fdvoje epidemiologie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odborn\u00e9 publikace a knihy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Sobotka, Jaroslav Hrab\u00e1k: Zdravotnictv\u00ed v \u010ceskoslovensku 1945\u20131989<\/em><\/strong>
    \u2013 Komplexn\u00ed pohled na syst\u00e9m zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, instituce, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a demografick\u00e9 dopady.
    ISBN: 80-86706-11-2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Karel \u010cern\u00fd: L\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed v \u010ceskoslovensku: Politika a p\u00e9\u010de o zdrav\u00ed ve 20. stolet\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>
    \u2013 Anal\u00fdza vztahu st\u00e1tu, politiky a zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de v r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. R\u016fzn\u00ed auto\u0159i: L\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a zdravotnictv\u00ed v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch (encyklopedick\u00fd p\u0159ehled)<\/em><\/strong>
    \u2013 Historick\u00e1 hesla o nemocnic\u00edch, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch a epidemiologii.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Instituce a odborn\u00e9 archivy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u00dastav zdravotnick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a statistiky \u010cR (\u00daZIS)<\/strong>
      https:\/\/www.uzis.cz<\/a>
      \u2013 Historick\u00e1 data o po\u010dtu l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, nemocnic, v\u00fddaj\u00edch, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00famrtnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav (SZ\u00da)<\/strong>
      https:\/\/www.szu.cz<\/a>
      \u2013 V\u00fdvoj ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, prevence, o\u010dkovac\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e, v\u00fdzkum infekc\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Archiv Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010cR<\/strong>
      \u2013 Obsahuje p\u016fvodn\u00ed dokumenty, sm\u011brnice a pl\u00e1ny v\u00fdstavby zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Online a digitalizovan\u00e9 zdroje<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed knihovna Kramerius \u2013 zdravotnick\u00e9 publikace a dobov\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010dasopisy<\/strong>
        https:\/\/kramerius5.nkp.cz<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Port\u00e1l Pam\u011b\u0165 n\u00e1roda \u2013 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a pacient\u016f z doby socialismu<\/strong>
        https:\/\/www.pametnaroda.cz<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u010cesk\u00fd rozhlas \u2013 s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a rozhlasov\u00fdch po\u0159ad\u016f o v\u00fdvoji zdravotnictv\u00ed<\/strong>
        https:\/\/plus.rozhlas.cz<\/a>
        \u2013 T\u00e9mata jako o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, hygiena, nemocnice nebo syst\u00e9m preventivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a strategick\u00e9 dokumenty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 103\/1951 Sb. o jednotn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 20\/1966 Sb. o p\u00e9\u010di o zdrav\u00ed lidu<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Zdravotn\u00ed politika \u010cSSR \u2013 zpr\u00e1vy Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed z let 1950\u20131989<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          V obdob\u00ed po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce si \u010ceskoslovensko vytklo jasn\u00fd c\u00edl: vytvo\u0159it vzd\u011blanou spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 bude schopn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dnout modern\u00ed technologie, budovat ekonomiku a rozv\u00edjet n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kulturu. I p\u0159es ideologick\u00e9 mantinely se poda\u0159ilo vybudovat syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd garantoval vysokou \u00farove\u0148 gramotnosti, rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvoj technick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed \u2013 a to na \u00farovni, kter\u00e1 byla v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":4515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[360],"tags":[200,351],"class_list":["post-4514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-ceskoslovensko","tag-historie","tag-inspirace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4514"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5440,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4514\/revisions\/5440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}