{"id":6105,"date":"2026-08-03T14:48:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T12:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojesebepoznani.cz\/?p=6105"},"modified":"2026-09-04T15:18:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:18:55","slug":"komu-patri-havaj-desitky-miliardaru-vlastni-jedenact-procent-soukrome-pudy-skutecny-pribeh-je-ale-mnohem-hlubsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/komu-patri-havaj-desitky-miliardaru-vlastni-jedenact-procent-soukrome-pudy-skutecny-pribeh-je-ale-mnohem-hlubsi\/","title":{"rendered":"Komu pat\u0159\u00ed Havaj? Des\u00edtky miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f vlastn\u00ed jeden\u00e1ct procent soukrom\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je ale mnohem hlub\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Larry Ellison ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd ostrov L\u0101na\u02bbi, Mark Zuckerberg vybudoval na Kaua\u02bbi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00eddlo s podzemn\u00edm \u00fakrytem a Oprah Winfrey vlastn\u00ed tis\u00edce akr\u016f na Maui. Investigace \u010dasopisu Forbes zjistila, \u017ee pouh\u00fdch 37 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e desetinu neve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u016fdy Havaje. Za p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 podstatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: co se stane se zem\u00ed, kdy\u017e se domov jedn\u00e9 komunity stane vysoce cen\u011bn\u00fdm aktivem pro nejbohat\u0161\u00ed lidi sv\u011bta?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNa\u0161e pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed m\u00e1 m\u00edt voln\u00fd pr\u016fchoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, proto\u017ee je ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm zdrojem.\u201c<\/p>V\u00fdrok zazn\u011bl v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b DLNR z 25. b\u0159ezna 2019 v souvislosti s vlastn\u00edky pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch nemovitost\u00ed<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\t\t

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V\u00edce \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\"Akademick\u00e1\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\t\t\n\t\tJak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k podvod\u016fm a zpronev\u011br\u00e1m na univerzit\u011b? Promluvil odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd b\u00fdval\u00fd d\u011bkan\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/i>\t\t\n\t\tVliv jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti na na\u0161i energii: Jak se naladit na nov\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/i>\t\t\n\t\tZve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 dokumenty vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky kolem p\u016fvodu pandemie COVID-19 a role Anthonyho Fauciho\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n\n

Havaj b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1na jako r\u00e1j. Tyrkysov\u00e9 mo\u0159e, zelen\u00e9 svahy, vulkanick\u00e1 krajina a pl\u00e1\u017ee, kter\u00e9 se staly symbolem vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 exotiky. Pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed na ostrovech \u017eij\u00ed po generace, v\u0161ak p\u016fda znamen\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e luxusn\u00ed nemovitost nebo investici. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto na Havaji vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fdy mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00e9 emoce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u00fanoru 2024 zve\u0159ejnil americk\u00fd Forbes rozs\u00e1hlou investigaci, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e jeho novin\u00e1\u0159i podle vlastn\u00edch slov m\u011bs\u00edce proch\u00e1zeli tis\u00edce majetkov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f na \u0161esti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch havajsk\u00fdch ostrovech. V\u00fdsledek byl pozoruhodn\u00fd. Pouh\u00fdch 37 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f vlastnilo podle zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Forbes k prosinci 2023 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 218 tis\u00edc akr\u016f p\u016fdy<\/strong>. To odpov\u00eddalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 88 tis\u00edc\u016fm hektar\u016f<\/strong>, tedy asi 5,3 procenta ve\u0161ker\u00e9 rozlohy Havaje a 11,1 procenta p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ve vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu \u010di jin\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 se v posledn\u00edch letech za\u010dalo \u0161\u00ed\u0159it po internetu, tedy nen\u00ed vymy\u0161len\u00e9. Je v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba v\u011bd\u011bt, co skute\u010dn\u011b znamen\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159icet sedm lid\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u016fdy dr\u017e\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik z nich<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i pohledu na seznam Forbes je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u016fda nen\u00ed mezi 37 miliard\u00e1\u0159i rozd\u011blena rovnom\u011brn\u011b. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 spoluzakladatel spole\u010dnosti Oracle Larry Ellison<\/strong>. Jeho havajsk\u00e9 dr\u017eby jsou v \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 kategorii ne\u017e rezidence v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f. N\u00e1sleduj\u00ed podnikatel a spoluzakladatel AOL Steve Case<\/strong> a malajsijsk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 Quek Leng Chan<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u011bkolik nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vlastn\u00edk\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st z celkov\u00fdch 218 tis\u00edc akr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jm\u00e9na pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad: Mark Zuckerberg, Oprah Winfrey, Marc Benioff, Jeff Bezos, Michael Dell, Steve Ballmer, Peter Thiel, Ken Griffin, Charles Schwab \u010di Pierre Omidyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00e1 informace, \u017ee \u201e37 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f vlastn\u00ed 11 procent soukrom\u00e9 Havaje\u201c, proto m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et trochu zkreslen\u00fd obraz. Ve skute\u010dnosti jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o n\u011bkolik mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch majetk\u016f dopln\u011bn\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edmi pozemky dal\u0161\u00edch velmi bohat\u00fdch vlastn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u017e, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd ostrov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159edstavuje L\u0101na\u02bbi. Larry Ellison v roce 2012 odkoupil od spole\u010dnosti Castle & Cooke majetek p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 98 procent cel\u00e9ho ostrova<\/strong>. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed transakce bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e 88 tis\u00edc akr\u016f p\u016fdy, dva resortn\u00ed hotely a golfov\u00e1 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b. Havajsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumenty n\u00e1kup 98 procent L\u0101na\u02bbi v\u00fdslovn\u011b potvrzuj\u00ed. Je proto pravda, \u017ee jeden miliard\u00e1\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee vlastnit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd havajsk\u00fd ostrov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po p\u0159evzet\u00ed za\u010dal Ellison prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spole\u010dnosti P\u016blama L\u0101na\u02bbi investovat do resort\u016f, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, infrastruktury i bydlen\u00ed. T\u00edm vznikla neobvykl\u00e1 situace. Na mal\u00e9m ostrov\u011b se jeden soukrom\u00fd vlastn\u00edk stal nejen dominantn\u00edm vlastn\u00edkem p\u016fdy, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zam\u011bstnavatelem, investorem a poskytovatelem n\u011bkter\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Je to sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159\u00edklad toho, pro\u010d nelze problematiku hodnotit pouze \u010dernob\u00edle. Investice mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a obnovovat infrastrukturu, zat\u00edmco mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 koncentrace vlastnictv\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 legitimn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, kolik ekonomick\u00e9 moci m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v rukou jedin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zuckerbergov\u00fdch v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce akr\u016f na Kaua\u02bbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b sledovan\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkem je zakladatel spole\u010dnosti Meta Mark Zuckerberg<\/strong>. Forbes pro n\u011bj k prosinci 2023 evidoval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 450 akr\u016f<\/strong> p\u016fdy na Kaua\u02bbi. Jeho majetek se v\u0161ak pozd\u011bji je\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il. Are\u00e1l zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Koolau Ranch<\/strong> se stal p\u0159edm\u011btem investigace \u010dasopisu WIRED, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal stavebn\u00ed a pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentaci a hovo\u0159il s lidmi obezn\u00e1men\u00fdmi s projektem. Podle dokument\u016f maj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed rezidence spojovat podzemn\u00ed prostory vedouc\u00ed do p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 000 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch stop velk\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho \u00fakrytu<\/strong>, tedy asi 465 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00e1ny zahrnovaly obytn\u00e9 prostory, technick\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed a \u00fanikov\u00fd otvor. N\u011bkter\u00e9 dve\u0159e m\u011bly b\u00fdt kovov\u00e9 a vypln\u011bn\u00e9 betonem. Tady vznikla jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch senzac\u00ed cel\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Zuckerberg za\u010dal b\u00fdt spojov\u00e1n s \u00fadajn\u00fdm \u201ebunkrem pro konec sv\u011bta\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spor o p\u016fdu star\u00fdch havajsk\u00fdch rodin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zuckerberg\u016fv p\u0159\u00edpad je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b z jin\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu. Uvnit\u0159 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed existovaly drobn\u00e9 pozemky spojen\u00e9 s historick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem vlastnictv\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako kuleana lands<\/strong>. N\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u011bly velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u011bdic\u016f. Pokusy vyjasnit vlastnick\u00e9 vztahy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soudn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyvolaly na Kaua\u02bbi silnou kritiku. Pr\u00e1vn\u011b mohlo j\u00edt o legitimn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed velmi komplikovan\u00fdch vlastnick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f. Pro \u010d\u00e1st m\u00edstn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti v\u0161ak spor z\u00edskal symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b st\u00e1l jeden z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed planety. Na druh\u00e9 potomci rodin, jejich\u017e vztah k p\u016fd\u011b sahal hluboko do havajsk\u00e9 historie. A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k podstat\u011b probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havajsk\u00e1 p\u016fda byla koncentrovan\u00e1 d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem technologick\u00fdch miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bylo by historicky nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 tvrdit, \u017ee vysokou koncentraci vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fdy na Havaji vytvo\u0159ili a\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed miliard\u00e1\u0159i. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed studie havajsk\u00e9ho Legislative Reference Bureau z roku 1967 konstatovala, \u017ee vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fdy ve st\u00e1t\u011b bylo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b koncentrovan\u00e9 u\u017e tehdy. St\u00e1t vlastnil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 38,7 procenta p\u016fdy<\/strong>, feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da necel\u00fdch deset procent a pouh\u00fdch 72 velk\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch vlastn\u00edk\u016f dr\u017eelo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 47 procent cel\u00e9 Havaje<\/strong>. Pouh\u00fdch 18 vlastn\u00edk\u016f m\u011blo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 procent ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Dne\u0161n\u00ed miliard\u00e1\u0159i tedy nevytvo\u0159ili nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Sp\u00ed\u0161e vstoupili do krajiny, jej\u00ed\u017e vlastnick\u00e1 struktura byla mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b koncentrovan\u00e1 u\u017e po generace. Mezi velk\u00e9 vlastn\u00edky pat\u0159\u00ed dodnes tak\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed instituce, ran\u010de, st\u00e1t, feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da \u010di Kamehameha Schools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do 19. stolet\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Citlivost t\u00e9matu nelze pochopit bez havajsk\u00e9 historie. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed havajsk\u00fd vztah k p\u016fd\u011b se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161il od modern\u00edho z\u00e1padn\u00edho pojet\u00ed nemovitosti jako individu\u00e1ln\u011b obchodovateln\u00e9ho majetku. Velk\u00fd zlom p\u0159inesla reforma zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Great M\u0101hele v roce 1848<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 zm\u011bnila strukturu dr\u017eby p\u016fdy a postupn\u011b otev\u0159ela cestu k modern\u00edmu soukrom\u00e9mu vlastnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed desetilet\u00ed p\u0159inesla dal\u0161\u00ed koncentraci, vznik rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a postupnou ztr\u00e1tu p\u0159\u00edstupu mnoha p\u016fvodn\u00edch Havajc\u016f k zemi. D\u016fsledky byly natolik z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee americk\u00fd Kongres p\u0159ijal v roce 1921 Hawaiian Homes Commission Act<\/strong>. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 tis\u00edc akr\u016f p\u016fdy bylo vy\u010dlen\u011bno pro program n\u00e1vratu Native Hawaiians na p\u016fdu<\/strong>. Program existuje dodnes a umo\u017e\u0148uje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm rodin\u00e1m z\u00edskat dlouhodob\u00e9 homestead leases za symbolick\u00fd jeden dolar ro\u010dn\u011b. P\u016fda proto na Havaji nen\u00ed pouze ekonomickou ot\u00e1zkou. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historick\u00e9 pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohou si miliard\u00e1\u0159i koupit soukromou pl\u00e1\u017e?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010cast\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee bohat\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u201ekupuj\u00ed havajsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee\u201c, pot\u0159ebuje v\u00fdznamnou opravu. Podle havajsk\u00e9ho Department of Land and Natural Resources je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1va ve\u0159ejnosti. \u00dazem\u00ed sm\u011brem k mo\u0159i od pr\u00e1vn\u011b stanoven\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed linie tvo\u0159\u00ed takzvan\u00fd beach transit corridor<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor. Majitel sousedn\u00edho pozemku nesm\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti sv\u00e9voln\u011b br\u00e1nit v pohybu po tomto pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edm p\u00e1su. \u00damysln\u00e9 zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem. To ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve\u0159ejnost sm\u00ed kamkoliv. Soukrom\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pozemek za pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, rezidence \u010di cesta vedouc\u00ed k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b praktick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edm<\/strong> proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159edm\u011btem spor\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e1 krize: kdo si je\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee dovolit na Havaji \u017e\u00edt?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o skupov\u00e1n\u00ed ostrov\u016f obsahuj\u00ed nads\u00e1zku, jin\u00fd probl\u00e9m je velmi skute\u010dn\u00fd. Havaj \u010del\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kriz\u00ed dostupnosti bydlen\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/strong> Ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd institut University of Hawai\u02bbi UHERO ve sv\u00e9m Housing Factbook 2026 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee havaj\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na bydlen\u00ed v cel\u00e9 zemi<\/strong>. D\u016fsledky podle v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f zasahuj\u00ed nejen dom\u00e1cnosti, ale i ekonomiku a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturu st\u00e1tu. Lid\u00e9 stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed volbou mezi extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00fdm bydlen\u00edm, p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdmi \u010di nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00edmi dom\u00e1cnostmi, bezdomovectv\u00edm nebo odchodem ze st\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde v\u0161ak mus\u00edme b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed s jednoduch\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zp\u016fsobili drah\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed miliard\u00e1\u0159i?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dostupn\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 data to nepotvrzuj\u00ed. UHERO za z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m pova\u017euje zejm\u00e9na nedostate\u010dnou nab\u00eddku bydlen\u00ed<\/strong>. Do v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 ceny vstupuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady v\u00fdstavby, nedostatek vhodn\u00fdch pozemk\u016f, regula\u010dn\u00ed a povolovac\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 turistick\u00e9 pron\u00e1jmy, druh\u00e9 domovy a popt\u00e1vka kupuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch mimo st\u00e1t. N\u00e1kupy ultrabohat\u00fdch vlastn\u00edk\u016f jsou tedy viditelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho probl\u00e9mu, nikoliv jeho prok\u00e1zanou jedinou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou. Je rozd\u00edl mezi koup\u00ed n\u011bkolika tis\u00edc akr\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u010di nezastav\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fdy a n\u00e1kupem tis\u00edc\u016f dom\u016f, kter\u00e9 by jinak byly dostupn\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00edm rodin\u00e1m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lid\u00e9 v\u0161ak z Havaje skute\u010dn\u011b odch\u00e1zej\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zde jsou data mnohem jednozna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum UHERO zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd v roce 2026 zjistil, \u017ee ve 23 z posledn\u00edch 25 let ode\u0161lo z Havaje na americkou pevninu v\u00edce obyvatel, ne\u017e se jich opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem p\u0159ist\u011bhovalo<\/strong>. Za hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m p\u0159itom ekonomov\u00e9 nepova\u017euj\u00ed pouze vysok\u00e9 ceny. Havaj spojuje n\u011bco neobvykl\u00e9ho. Jsou to mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed n\u00e1klady s relativn\u011b skromn\u00fdmi m\u00edstn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy.<\/strong> Obyvatel m\u016f\u017ee tedy \u017e\u00edt v jedn\u00e9 z nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, ani\u017e by m\u011bl plat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jin\u00fdm velmi drah\u00fdm americk\u00fdm metropol\u00edm. V\u00fdsledkem je dlouhodob\u00fd tlak na odchod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historick\u00fd zlom: v\u011bt\u0161ina Native Hawaiians u\u017e \u017eije mimo ostrovy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je situace p\u016fvodn\u00edch Havajc\u016f. Data americk\u00e9ho s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2020 uk\u00e1zala historickou zm\u011bnu. Z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 680 tis\u00edc Native Hawaiians \u017eilo 53 procent na americk\u00e9m kontinentu a pouze 47 procent na Havaji<\/strong>. O deset let d\u0159\u00edve byl pom\u011br je\u0161t\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 55 procent \u017eilo na Havaji. Populace Native Hawaiians na pevnin\u011b nav\u00edc rostla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u011btkr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e jejich populace p\u0159\u00edmo na ostrovech. Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u0161ichni ode\u0161li kv\u016fli cen\u00e1m nemovitost\u00ed. P\u0159esto vznik\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kterou statistika sama nedok\u00e1\u017ee zachytit: Co znamen\u00e1, kdy\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u016fvodn\u00edho n\u00e1roda u\u017e ne\u017eije ve sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed zemi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fda jako majetek, nebo jako vztah?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde p\u0159esahuje havajsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ekonomick\u00e9 tabulky. V havajsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e se pro zemi pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdraz \u02bb\u0101ina<\/strong>. Jeho v\u00fdznam nelze \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e9st prost\u00fdm slovem \u201epozemek\u201c. Vyjad\u0159uje vztah mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem, p\u016fdou, p\u0159edky, komunitou a \u017eivotem. Modern\u00ed trh s nemovitostmi naproti tomu zach\u00e1z\u00ed s p\u016fdou jako s aktivem. M\u00e1 cenu za akr. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt koupena, prod\u00e1na, zastavena, vlo\u017eena do spole\u010dnosti nebo trustu. Oba sv\u011bty mohou existovat vedle sebe. Ale n\u011bkdy se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do konfliktu. Pro \u010dlov\u011bka s majetkem v des\u00edtk\u00e1ch miliard dolar\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc akr\u016f investic\u00ed, m\u00edstem soukrom\u00ed nebo mo\u017enost\u00ed ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. Pro m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka m\u016f\u017ee tat\u00e1\u017e p\u016fda znamenat prostor, kde \u017eili jeho rodi\u010de, prarodi\u010de a p\u0159edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani miliard\u00e1\u0159i nejsou jedna skupina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ani druh\u00e1 strana p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed bohat\u00ed vlastn\u00edci sv\u00e9 pozemky p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou. Oprah Winfrey nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho majetku na Maui vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k pastv\u011b, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a obnov\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed krajiny. Marc Benioff v\u011bnoval stovky akr\u016f organizaci zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 na dostupn\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed. Na L\u0101na\u02bbi vznikly za Ellisonovy \u00e9ry nov\u00e9 investice do zam\u011bstnanosti, turistick\u00e9 infrastruktury, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed i bydlen\u00ed. Velk\u00fd soukrom\u00fd vlastn\u00edk tedy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sou\u010dasn\u011b zdrojem investic i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 koncentrace ekonomick\u00e9 moci. Jedno nevylu\u010duje druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeden\u00e1ct procent nen\u00ed cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee 37 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden\u00e1ct procent neve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u016fdy Havaje, tedy obstoj\u00ed. Ale samo o sob\u011b nevysv\u011btluje, co se na ostrovech d\u011bje. Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee miliard\u00e1\u0159i vlastn\u00ed jeden\u00e1ct procent cel\u00e9 Havaje \u2013 jde p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 5,3 procenta celkov\u00e9 plochy st\u00e1tu<\/strong>. Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zp\u016fsobili krizi bydlen\u00ed, \u017ee vyhnali Native Hawaiians, a nebo \u017ee v\u0161echny jejich investice jsou \u0161kodliv\u00e9. Odhaluje n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 nerovnost umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u011bkolika jednotlivc\u016fm z\u00edsk\u00e1vat \u00fazem\u00ed v rozsahu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit podobu cel\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit.<\/strong> A na Havaji, kde je vlastnictv\u00ed zem\u011b historicky mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b citliv\u00e9, m\u00e1 tato skute\u010dnost v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam ne\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kdekoliv jinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komu tedy pat\u0159\u00ed Havaj?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee odpov\u011b\u010f poskytnout katastr. \u010c\u00e1st vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1t. \u010c\u00e1st feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da. Obrovsk\u00e9 majetky dr\u017e\u00ed historick\u00e9 trusty, ran\u010de, spole\u010dnosti a soukrom\u00e9 osoby. Do tohoto prost\u0159ed\u00ed vstoupila i nov\u00e1 generace glob\u00e1ln\u00edch miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm lid\u00e9 o zemi p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed. Existuje tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zka p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti. A co se stane, kdy\u017e rostouc\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 hodnota ur\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00edsta za\u010dne p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat finan\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jej po generace naz\u00fdvali domovem? Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poselstv\u00ed havajsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed zdroje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zdrojem pro \u00fadaj o 37 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u00edch je investigace Forbes, kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z tis\u00edc\u016f havajsk\u00fdch majetkov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f a uv\u00e1d\u00ed stav k prosinci 2023. Historickou koncentraci vlastnictv\u00ed dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 studie havajsk\u00e9ho Legislative Reference Bureau. Sou\u010dasnou bytovou krizi a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny dokumentuje UHERO Housing Factbook 2026<\/strong>. Pravidla ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed potvrzuje havajsk\u00fd Department of Land and Natural Resources. Demografick\u00fd odchod obyvatel dokumentuje University of Hawai\u02bbi\/UHERO a zm\u011bnu geografick\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed Native Hawaiians data Census zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 Office of Hawaiian Affairs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Larry Ellison ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd ostrov L\u0101na\u02bbi, Mark Zuckerberg vybudoval na Kaua\u02bbi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00eddlo s podzemn\u00edm \u00fakrytem a Oprah Winfrey vlastn\u00ed tis\u00edce akr\u016f na Maui. Investigace \u010dasopisu Forbes zjistila, \u017ee pouh\u00fdch 37 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e desetinu neve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u016fdy Havaje. Za p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 podstatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: co se stane se zem\u00ed, kdy\u017e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":6106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[674,673,676,675,672],"class_list":["post-6105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-aktuality-ze-sveta-sebepoznani","tag-ekonomickanerovnost","tag-havaj","tag-miliardari","tag-nativehawaiians","tag-vlastnictvipudy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6105"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6110,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6105\/revisions\/6110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d.r4.wbsprt.com\/mojesebepoznani.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}